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St.Patrick's Day March 17th		is the feast day, which annually celebrates Saint Patrick (385–461), one of the patron saints of Ireland, on March 17, the day on which Saint Patrick died. The day is the national holiday of the Irish people. (Wikipedia) We celebrate at the restaurant with an "Irish" decoration and the specialty of Cabbage and Corn Beef
St. Laurent	Austrian red wine grape	see Blaufraenkisch
Saale-Unstrut Germany	former east Germany Wines: soft and dry white wines, few Spätlese and Auslese wines, mediumbodied. In the warm valley of the rivers Saale and Unstrut Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner and Weissburgunder (Pinot blanc) grapes are grown and made into a soft, dry white wine	The small wine-growing region Saale-Unstrut is the northernmost of Germany's wine-growing regions, with a long tradition of grape-growing and wine making. The first American rootstocks in Germany were planted in the region in 1887 after the Phylloxera disease affected vineyards there. Vines are planted at the beginning of the romantic Saale River valley and on the hills near the town of Freyburg.
Sabayon Italian: Zabaione		wine chaudeau, mix wine with butter and aromates, while whipping over boiling water (bain marie) til vreamy, add gelatine and whipped cream, sauce for desserts , as well as dessert
Sachsen Germany	former East Germany	Sachsen is the easternmost of Germany's wine-growing regions, with most of its vineyards located on the hilly slopes of the Elbe River. The region stretches for about 30 miles from Pillnitz in the south to Dresden, Radebeul and Meissen. The cultural and historical centers of Dresden and Meissen attract many visitors each year. Most of the wines from the region are consumed locally. Wines made from Müller- Thurgau (,Rivaner), Weissburgunder (Pinot Blanc) and Traminer grapes are dry, full of character with a fruity acidity. Some soft red wines and some "Elbtal-Sekt" (sparkling wine) are specialities of the region. Wines: dry, refreshing fruity acidity, special regional character.
Sake		wine made out of fermented rice, used in sauces and marinades
Saute		cook quickly in small amount of fat over direct heat in skillet or pan
Salpicon		French, cooked diced pieces of meat or fish, used as stuffings , bsasis for croquettes or ragouts fins.
Salsa	Spanish	sauce
Salsify		root vegetable, asparagus of winter time
Saltimbocca		Veal cutlet Roman style, paired with sage and prosciutto, sautteed in butter and braised in white wine
Salzburg	The Salzburg Festival (Salzburger Festspiele) is a prominent festival of music and drama. It is held each summer (for five weeks starting in late July) within the Austrian town of Salzburg. In modern time there is also an annual Salzburg Easter Festival held by the same organization. It is the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the setting for parts of the musical and film The Sound of Music. Salzburg is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Salzburg's "Old Town" with its world famous baroque architecture is one of the best-preserved city centres in the German-speaking world, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. The city is noted for its Alpine setting. Salzburg is also a student city, with three universities. Salzburg is one of Austria’s youngest Länder. The development of the region and its ultimate separation from Bavaria, its mother country, was agreed in the fourteenth century but it was not until 1816 that Salzburg was incorporated into Austria.	The name Salzburg literally means "Salt Castle", and derives its name from the barges carrying salt on the Salzach river, which were subject to a toll in the 8th century, as was customary for many communities and cities on European rivers. Salzburg can be regarded as the oldest and most important cultural and spiritual centre in present-day Austria. Although it had already been elevated to the rank of archdiocese in 798 and from the late Middle Ages onwards had formed a spiritual principality in the Holy Roman Empire, Of Austria’s present-day Länder or provinces, Salzburg is the only one to have been ruled as an independent state by a prince-archbishop and it is the only one of the many spiritual principalities of the Holy Roman Empire still to exist as an independent province. DIE FESTUNG HOHEN SALZBURG (the fortress dominating the whole town):
Salzburger Nockerl	one of Rudi's Favorites: see recipe	The famous nockerl were created app. in the 17th century under archbishop von Raitenau, who loved power, luxury and sweet desserts.
Sangiovese		Sangiovese is a red wine variety originating in Italy whose name derives from sanguis Jovis, "the blood of Jove ". It is most famous as the main component of the Chianti, blend in Tuscany, but winemakers outside Italy are starting to experiment with it. Young sangiovese has fresh fruity flavours of strawberry and a little spiciness, but it readily takes on oaky, even tarry, flavours when aged in barrels
Sangria		Spanish aperitif from white wine and fruits
Sashimi		Japanese, sliced raw fish, served with pickled ginger, wasabi and soy sauce
Sauerbraten Rheinischer Sauerbraten	one of Rudi's Favorites: see recipe	The original "Rheinischer Sauerbraten" (Rhenium marinated beef) is horse beef, although nowadays beef is mostly used. Several sources believe sauerbraten was invented by Charlemagne who died in 814 A.D. The recipe was used as a means of using up leftover roasted meat. In Cologne, after the 13th century, fresh meat was substituted,
Sausage Plate		one of Rudi's Favorites: choice of 2 sausages from: Bratwurst, Knackwurst or Polish with sauerkraut or red cabbage
Sauvignon blanc		Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. The grape gets it name from the French word sauvage ("wild") and blanc ("white") due to its early origins as an indigenous grape in southwestern France. It is now planted in many of the world's wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white varietal wine. Conversely, the grape is also a component of the famous dessert wines from Sauternes and Barsac. Sauvignon blanc is widely cultivated in France, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, California, and South America. Depending on climate, the flavor can range from aggressively grassy to sweetly tropical. Wine experts have used the phrase "crisp, elegant, and fresh" as a favorable description of Sauvignon blanc from the Loire Valley and New Zealand. In the Loire valley you find the famous Sancerre and Pouilly Fume, both Sauvignon blanc. (Wikipedia)
Savarin		small form to bake desserts in it
Scallion		variety of onion with small bulbs, long stiff green leaves, usually eaten raw, also called spring onion or green onion.
Schlagobers, Schlagsahne	Austrian German	Whipped cream
Scherzl Brotanschnitt	Austrian German	End piece of bread Austrian denomination of part of beef
Schinkenkipferl		Croissant with ham
Schladminger	Austrian	jacket made of boiled loden
Schnitzel		veal or pork cutlet , most famous: Wiener Schnitzel
Schoeberl Biskuit Suppeneinlage	Viennese German	biscuit for soup
Schopfbraten Schweinenacken braten	Austiran German	Prime collar of pork echine de porc
Schoepsernes Hammelfleisch	Austrian German	Mutton
Schurz Schuerz'n	Bavarian Austrian	apron
Schwammerl Pilz	Austrian German	Mushroom
Schweinsripperl Schweinerippchen	Austrian German	spare ribs
Seafood Galveston	one of Rudi's favorites	Angelhair pasta & diced vegetables in a cream sauce, topped with shrimps, red snapper and salmon
sec	(wine)	France: dry
Second wine		primarily in Bordeaux: the introduction of second wine allows the chateaux to use the best (oldest) grapes for the first wine - grand vin - and improves thus the quality, while the second wines offer earlier drinking and a better budget. We now find it also often in California
Seiterl	Austrian, Bavarian	0.33 L beer, 12 oz.
selchen raeuchern	Austrian German	smoke
Selchkarree Kasseler	Austrian German	smoked pork chop
Seltzer		plein soda water
Semmel Broetchen	Austrian German	roll
Semillon grape		Semillon ripens earlier in the season than most grapes and is less likely to be damaged by rains or frost. It produces wines that are full flavored rich and aromatic. Semillon is most often blended with other varieties (especially Sauvignon Blanc) to take advantage of the strengths of each variety. Semillon is one of the three approved varieties (Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle) for making white wines in the Bordeaux region
Semolina		Italian, coarse flour (wheat) to make pizza and bread, also pudding
Shallots		small pointed members of the onion family, that grow in clusters something like garlic and have a mild onion taste
Shiitake		China's very healthy mushrooms, with excellent taste, bold and meaty
Siena Duomo Il palio horse race	The Roman origin accounts for the town's emblem – a she-wolf suckling the infants Romulus and Remus. According to legend, Siena was founded by Senius, son of Remus, who was in turn the brother of Romulus, after whom Rome was named. Statues and other artwork depicting a she-wolf suckling the young twins Romulus and Remus can be seen all over the city of Siena. In the early 12th century a self-governing commune replaced the earlier aristocratic government. The consuls who governed the republic slowly became more inclusive of the poblani, or common people, and the Commune increased its territory as the surrounding feudal nobles in their fortified castles submitted to the urban power. Siena's republic, struggling internally between nobles and the popular party, usually worked in political opposition to its great rival, Florence, and was in the 13th century predominantly Ghibelline in opposition to Florence's Guelph position King Philip, owing huge sums to the Medici, ceded it (apart a series of coastal fortress annexed to the State of Presidi) to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, to which it belonged until the unification of Italy in the 19th century	July 2 and August 16 are the dates when the Palio di Siena is held. The Palio is a traditional medieval horse race is run around the Piazza del Campo each year. This event is attended by large crowds, and is widely televised. Seventeen Contrade (which are city neighbourhoods originally formed as battalions for the city's defense) vie for the trophy: a painted flag, or Palio bearing an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Ten of the seventeen run in each Palio: seven run by right (having not run in the previous year's corresponding Palio) together with three drawn by lot from the remaining ten. A horse is assigned to each by lot. Though often a brutal and dangerous competition for horse and rider alike, the city thrives on the pride this competition brings. Siena's cathedral, the Duomo, begun in the twelfth century, is one of the great examples of Italian romanesque architecture. Siena's university, founded in 1203 and famed for its faculties of law and medicine, is still among the most important Italian universities.
Squash		they normally have a thick, hard, usuable inedible rind, rich-tasting meat, summer suashes have edible rinds, milder meates, i.e. zucchini or courgette
Solera	(wine)	Spain: method of Sherryproduction: 3 barrels are stocked vertically above each other: the lowest barrel contains the oldest wine, as this is drawn off for bottling , each barrel is tropped up with the younger wine from the barrel above, in the uppermost barrel the ltest vintage enters. This method is also sometimes used with other fortified wines, such as Madeira, Marsala etc.
Sorrel		a sour, buckwheat related herb (French: oseille)
South Africa	Wine regions: basically, South Africa has two main wine regions: Western Cape regions with Constantia Valley around Capetown Stellenbosch Franschoeck Paarl and the Northern Cape Wine Region with the Orange River Newish cool-climate region which is still predominantly a fruit-growing area. we feature Mulderbosch Stellenbosch the famous "Faithful Hound" on our wine menu	The best known regions are Constantia Historical region that's tucked away in the smart southern suburbs of Cape Town (this is where the first vineyards were planted in South Africa), now undergoing a bit of a revival. As well as being a beautiful region, the vineyards are ideally sited on the slopes of Constantia Mountain, where they are cooled by the sea breezes. The Franschoek valley is a small but significant region, inland (to the west) of Stellenbosch. Surrounded by the spooky-sounding Drakenstein mountains, the wide variety of soils and relatively high rainfall permits production of a wide variety of wine styles. It's a hotter region than Stellenbosch, and with its profusion of trendy restaurants it can rightfully claim to be the gourmet capital of the winelands. Paarl Well known region north-west of Cape Town, and home to several leading producers, including Veenwouden, Nederburg, Fairview, Glen Carlou and Plaisir de Merle. Traditionally a white wine region, but with its Mediterranean climate and terroirs it's now focusing more on reds. Hotter than Stellenbosch, so the very best wines come from the more elevated vineyards. Robertson Some 120 km east of Cape Town, next door to Worcester, this hot region is rather paradoxically best known for its whites. Stellenbosch Just a short distance east of Cape Town, this is the country's leading wine area, and is home to many of the country's leading estates. The town itself is dominated by the University, and despite its relatively large size has quite a relaxed feel. Vineyards fringed by mountains make for some lovely views. There are several different subregions, and the geology here is quite complex. Simplistically, the granite-based soils in the east are especially suited to the production of fine red wines, whereas the sandstone soils in the west are best for whites.
South America The main wine producing countries are Chile and Argentina	Wines	Wine and winemaking in South America has a longer history than anywhere else in the New World. In the mid 1500’s, Jesuit missionaries brought viticulture to South America. This introduction began in Chile and continued to Argentina. The wine producing nations of South America are making progress to improve the quality of their wines. While Chilean wines are better known on the foreign market, Argentina is increasing the quality of its wines and is making a global impact. As well as these two countries, there is also a small amount of wine coming out of Uruguay. Argentina is one of the world’s largest wine-producing countries. The Climate of Argentina is similar to the Andes and it is this similarity that supports the Argentinean wine industry. Argentina is mainly an arid landscape that profits from irrigating waters off the mountains. Argentina’s warmer inland region encourages vine growth down the entire length of the country. In the north, the vineyards lie at the same latitude as Morocco; and in the south, vineyards share latitude with New Zealand. One of the vital aspects to growing quality wine grapes here is altitude, with vineyards planted at 2,000 and 3,000 feet to take advantage of the cooler temperatures. Argentine wines are made from grapes such as traditional Chardonnay, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and also varieties like Tempranillo, Bonarda, Barbera, Torrontés and Malbec. Chile has a wonderful climate for growing healthy wine grapes. Located, west of the Andes, Chile's climate varies from the heat of the arid, rocky, mountainous desert to the north and the icy, cold, Antarctic expanse in the south. Chile’s vineyards flourish in the warm, fertile valleys that are positioned between the two areas. Viticulture has been established in Chile for centuries and there are a wide selection of global wine varieties planted, including Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay and many more. Many of the wine grapes that were believed to be Merlot have recently been determined to be Carmenère, which is a scarcely planted variety of Bordeaux. Uruquay: There are a few Uruguayan wines to be found.Uruguay's top grape is Tannat which, like Malbec, also has it's home in the appellations of the south-west of France, in Madiran Brazil's 600 producers and growers are concentrated in three provinces: Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Sao Paulo. Over 65% of vineyards, and most producers, are in Rio Grande do Sul in the south. Sao Paulo is the headquarters for more than 100 wine companies and their processing plants. To the south is Santa Catarina, where vineyards and winemaking styles reveal a German influence. References: www.thewinedoctor.com
Soubise		combination of Bechamel sauce and pureed cooked onions
simmer		to cook at a temperature below boiling
Sommelier		wine steward, inSwitzerland also waiter
Souvlaki		Greek, ground lamb meat marinated in olive oil, lemon juice, garlic and oregano, placed on skewers and grilled
Spaetlese	(wine)	Germany, Austria: Praedikat, based on must weight
Spaetzle		Tiny flour-and-egg=noodles of Southern germany and Switzerland, one of Rudi's favorite pasta
Spanish Wine regions:	Vino de crianza is the one aged for at least one year in vats and another year in bottles. It is usually a three-, four- and five-year old wine. Vino de reserva is the one aged for at least two years in vats and another in bottles. Vino de gran reserva is aged in oak barrels for at least three years and another in bottles in the famous Rioja underground calaos (cellars). These wines are of the best years.	RIOJA, the Richest Winegrowing Region of Spain Rioja, after the area with the small River Oja, is the richest wine-growing region of Spain for table wines. According to its wines the area is divided into three parts: Rioja Baja (the Lower Rioja) which produces heavy fruity wines with a high alcohol content; Rioja Alta (the Upper Rioja) which is the area of the great aged and mature quality wines, with a moderate alcohol content. They are very fragrant, of different shades of red and have a balanced, unmistakable flavor. These wines lend themselves to being aged in oak vats. Young white wines are also produced. Rioja Alavesa produces red wines which are usually drunk young and have a pleasant trace of acidity. The wines of this Dominación are famous and develop their best as mature quality wines. The following varieties can be distinguished according to their age: CASTILE Denominaciones de Origin are Rueda, Ribera del Duero and Toro. They produce reds and light reds with between 13 and 17% alcohol. Some of them are universally famous: those produced between Valbuena, Quintanilia de Arriba and Quintanilia de 0nésimo. They mature exceptionally, well for which Bordeaux barrels and underground wine cellars are used. These wines have a limited production and sell at very high prices. Around Rueda very pale and transparent whites of excellent quality and 11.5-14% are produced. Dry, sherry-type wines are also made there. GALICIA Its Denominación de Origin includes Rias Baixas, Ribeiro and Valdeorras. They are light, agreeably acid white and red wines with low alcohol content, excellent companions of the typical Galician cuisine. NAVARRE Denominación de Origen: Navarra. The area basically produces red wines, which at times reach 14.5% alcohol and are perfectly in tune with the heavy cuisine of the region. ARAGON Denominaciones de Origin exists for Campo de Borja, Cariñena and Somontano. In this area, the wines are very red with high alcohol content. Their aroma is very concentrated and their taste is powerful, ideal for very spicy meat and heavy dishes CATALONIA Here the regions with a Denominación de Origin are Ampurdán-Costa Brava, Alella, Costers del Segre, Penedés, Priorato, Tarragona and Terra Alta. There are magnificent reds, whites and light reds in the area, all of which have a long tradition. The most sought after are the Penedés and Priorato wines. The former are famous because of their whites and have an alcohol content of between 10 and 13%. The Priorato wines are probably the ones receiving most skilled attention in the entire country, especially the dark reds which have a velvety flavor and complex aroma. They are fairly heavy and have high alcohol content. In Tarragona, the most typical ones are white wines, which are appropriate for fish and as aperitifs. The cavas or sparkling wines from Saint Sadurní d'Anoia (Barcelona) have developed great quality and are widely found inside and outside Spain. LA MANCHA Denominaciones de Origin includes Mancha, Méntrida, Vaidepeñas and Almansa. This is the great Spanish wine reservoir, which includes the Provinces of Toledo, Ciudad Real, Cuenca and Albacete. In general the wines are very widely drunk and are of good quality: mild, dry, with almost no acidity. The most commonly known are the ones from Valdepeñas, i.e., light reds and whites. All of them tend to be drunk young, not more than one or a maximum of two years old, while the alcohol content lies between 11 and 13%. ANDALUSIA Has the following Denominaciones de Origin: Jerez-Xèrés-Sherry, Manzanilia-Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Málaga, Montilla-Moriles and Condado de Huelva. Its wines are the most characteristic of the country and internationally the most famous. They are produced by a unique method, which has something of a miracle about it, since it is not a wine from one particular harvest, as is the rule, but the result of different mixtures made over the years.
Spicken		piquer, with help of needle, putting bacon into pieces of meat
Spuma		frothy sherbet, made with light sugar syrup, mixed with champagne or dessert wine, while freezing mixed with uncooked meringue
Stammtisch	Erdinger Stammtisch	The word STAMMTISCH is German and it means something like "regular's table" or "regular get-together". Practice and enjoy German in an informal setting. All levels of proficiency are invited At Rudi Lechner's you will find the German Stammtisch ebvery first wednesday of the month, and the Austrian Stammtisch every first Thursday of the month .
Stamperl Schnapsglas	Austrian German	small Vodka glass
Staubzucker, Puderzucker	Austrian German	powdered sugar
Steiermark Styria		Styria (German: Steiermark) is a state or Bundesland, located in the southeast of Austria. In area, it is the second largest of the nine Austrian states, covering 16,388 km². It borders Slovenia as well as the other Austrian states of Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Burgenland, and Carinthia. The population (as of 2006) was 1,203,986. The capital city is Graz. Rudi is born in Graz, the capital of the Steiermark ... the Green Heart of Austria! In Steiermark (Styria), you‘ll find all the attractions of Austria in one province. Between the unspoilt nature of the Dachstein glacier and the enchanting scenery of the wine region, there is an abundance of lovely scenic spots and many impressing cultural treasures. The Styrian people, well known for their hospitality, invite you to discover the diversity of their province. With its wide range of holiday offers Steiermark (Styria) caters for all tastes, from pure relaxation holidays to challenging sports experiences and the province is an attractive destination throughout the year. Steiermark (Styria) enjoys a reputation of being the culinary centre of Austria. Besides, the very reasonable prices, the rustic charm and the Mediterranean flair make the province an insider’s tip for pleasure holidays.
Stelze Schweinshaxe Eisbein	Austrian Bavarian German	Pork shank, a "Stelze" is in Austria always roasted. while in germany it can be boiled (mostly when smoked)
Stock		liquid in which meat, fish poultry or vegetables have been cooked with seasonings to extract their flavor, strained and used as base for soups or sauces
Stoppel, Flaschenkorken	Austrian German	cork
Structure	(wine)	Tasting term: referring to the tannin and acidity levels.
Sturm Federweisser	Austrian German	New wine in fermentation
Stutz'n	Bavarian, Austrian	stockings
Sulphure	(wine)	important for winemaking, in the vineyard it is used against oidium, while in the winery as desinfectant, and may be added to must and finished wines as an antibacterial agent. It may also be used to terminate fermentation. Exccessive use leads to an unpleasant mothball aroma
Supreme		the best piece, meaning the breast of a chicken or poultry
Surfleisch, Poekelfleisch	Austrian German	salted cold smoked meat
sur lie	(wine)	France: wine that has been allowed to lie on its lees for some time, which adds richness and a certain flavor to the wine.
Suessreserve	(wine)	Germany: unfermented grape juice may be added to QbA wines (and beyond) in order to increase the sugar content, however not with Praedikats wines
Sushi		Japanese, seasoned cooked rice topped with sliced raw fish, or rolled in sheets of seaweed with fish, vegetables meat, wasabi etc.
Swiss Wine regions	The Swiss wine region has nearly 15 000 hectares of vineyards, and the wines are mainly produced in the west and in the south of Switzerland. Look for more information under the corresponding letter of the region.	West Switzerland comprises the cantons of Geneva, Vaud, Neuchâtel, Fribourg, Bern and Jura. The Valais is the valley of the Rhone river. Protected by the Alps it borders West Switzerland in the North, Italy and France in the South. With an average of 2,100 hours of sunshine per year it reaches the maximum in Switzerland East Switzerland (or the German part of Switzerland) with 2,300 ha of land is smaller than that of the Valais, although it comprises no less than 17 cantons from Basel to the Grisons. The Ticino as the southern canton of Switzerland with its local national language Italian, bordering to Italy on three sides
Sweetbread		edible thymus gland of calf or lamb
Syrah Shiraz		Shiraz or syrah are two names for the same variety. Europe vine growers and winemakers only use the name syrah. Districts: syrah excels in France's Rhône Valley, California and Australia. Typical taste in varietal wine: aromas and flavours of wild black-fruit (such as blackcurrant), with overtones of black pepper spice and roasting meat. The abundance of fruit sensations is often complemented by warm alcohol and gripping tannins. Toffee notes if present come not from the fruit but from the wine having rested in oak barrels. The shiraz variety gives hearty, spicy reds. While shiraz is used to produce many average wines it can produce some of the world's finest, deepest, and darkest reds with intense flavours and excellent longevity.